What Is Estrogen Hormone & Why Does It Matter During Menopause?

Menopause is a natural transition, but for many women, it brings unexpected changes—hot flashes, mood swings, fatigue, and brain fog. At the center of these changes? Estrogen. Often misunderstood as just a “female hormone,” estrogen is a powerhouse that impacts nearly every system in the body. When its levels decline during menopause, the effects ripple through bone strength, heart health, mental clarity, and more.

This blog explores estrogen’s essential role in women’s health, symptoms of low estrogen, and how to support its levels naturally or medically.

Understanding Estrogen: More Than Just a Hormone

Estrogen is a primary female sex hormone that regulates reproductive health, bone density, cardiovascular function, and even mood. Produced mainly by the ovaries, estrogen exists in three forms:

• Estradiol (E2): The dominant estrogen during reproductive years, essential for menstrual cycles and fertility.
• Estrone (E1): The primary estrogen after menopause, though weaker than estradiol.
• Estriol (E3): Mostly produced during pregnancy and plays a role in fetal development.

Why This Matters: Understanding these types helps women assess hormonal changes and choose the right interventions during menopause or perimenopause.

Why Estrogen Matters More Than You Think

1. Supports Bone Health

Estrogen plays a critical role in maintaining bone density by regulating osteoblasts (bone-building cells). Postmenopausal women can lose up to 20% of their bone mass in the first five years due to declining estrogen levels, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.

2. Protects Heart Health

Estrogen helps regulate cholesterol levels and keeps blood vessels flexible. Studies indicate that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) risk by 30–50% in women under 60. However, the benefit is highest when HRT is started within 10 years of menopause.

3. Enhances Brain Function & Mood

Estrogen supports cognitive function by protecting neurons and regulating serotonin—the “feel-good” hormone. Women with low estrogen often experience mood swings, anxiety, and memory lapses. Studies suggest that early initiation of HRT may reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease by up to 48%.

4. Maintains Skin & Hair Health

Estrogen boosts collagen production, keeping skin firm and hydrated while reducing wrinkles and dryness. Declining levels lead to thinning hair and brittle nails—common complaints among menopausal women.

5. Affects Vaginal & Sexual Health

Low estrogen can cause vaginal dryness, painful intercourse, and reduced libido. Vaginal estrogen therapy directly addresses these issues with minimal systemic effects.

Symptoms of Low Estrogen

If you’re experiencing several of these symptoms, your body may be adjusting to lower estrogen levels:

• Hot flashes & night sweats
• Mood swings or irritability
• Brain fog or forgetfulness
• Unexplained fatigue or low energy
• Irregular or missed periods
• Dry skin or thinning hair
• Vaginal dryness or discomfort during intimacy

How to Naturally Support Estrogen Levels

1. Eat Estrogen-Boosting Foods

Certain foods contain phytoestrogens—plant-based compounds that mimic estrogen: 

Soy Products: Tofu, soy milk, and edamame are rich in isoflavones. 

Nuts & Seeds: Flaxseeds and sesame seeds contain lignans that support hormonal balance. 

 Legumes & Vegetables: Lentils, chickpeas, broccoli, and cauliflower are excellent sources of phytoestrogens.

2. Incorporate Herbal Support

Some herbs help balance estrogen levels naturally: 

Black Cohosh: Eases hot flashes and mood swings; shown to reduce vasomotor symptoms by up to 40%. 

 Red Clover: Contains isoflavones that mimic estrogen and improve bone density. 

 Dong Quai: A traditional Chinese herb used for hormonal balance.

3. Maintain a Healthy Weight

 Being underweight can lower estrogen production, while excess weight can lead to imbalances. Maintaining an optimal weight supports hormonal health.

4. Prioritize Bone & Heart Health

Calcium & Vitamin D: Essential for strong bones; aim for 1,200 mg of calcium daily along with 800 IU of vitamin D. 

 Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Supports heart health and reduces inflammation.

5. Stay Active

Strength training improves bone density, while yoga reduces stress hormones like cortisol that can disrupt estrogen balance.

Medical Interventions for Low Estrogen

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

HRT remains one of the most effective treatments for severe menopausal symptoms like hot flashes and osteoporosis prevention. Studies show that HRT reduces CHD risk by up to 39%, particularly when initiated within 10 years post-menopause.

Vaginal Estrogen Therapy

This localized treatment alleviates vaginal dryness and discomfort without systemic effects.

Key Blood Tests for Estrogen Levels

1. Estradiol (E2) Test

What It Measures: Estradiol (E2) is the most potent and active form of estrogen in premenopausal women. 

Why It’s Important: Helps assess ovarian function, menopausal transition, and bone health.

2. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Test

What It Measures: FSH regulates ovarian function and rises significantly as estrogen declines. 

Why It’s Important: High FSH levels are a key indicator of menopause and help diagnose ovarian insufficiency.

3. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Test

What It Measures: LH works with FSH to regulate ovulation and ovarian function. 

Why It’s Important: High LH levels, along with high FSH and low estradiol, confirm menopause.

Other Recommended Tests

✔ Progesterone Test: Helps assess hormonal balance. 

✔ Testosterone Test: Checks for changes in androgen levels. 

✔ Thyroid Panel: Since thyroid dysfunction can mimic estrogen imbalance, doctors may check TSH, T3, and T4 levels. 

✔ Vitamin D & Calcium Tests: Monitors bone health and osteoporosis risk.

Final Thoughts

Menopause is a natural transition, but that doesn’t mean women have to endure uncomfortable symptoms without support. By understanding estrogen’s role in the body, making lifestyle adjustments, and considering medical interventions when necessary, women can reclaim their health and well-being.

If you’re experiencing persistent symptoms, consult a healthcare provider for personalized guidance on balancing your hormones and maintaining overall wellness.